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Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Agents of the Upper Respiratory Tract of School Children in Buea, Cameroon

机译：喀麦隆布亚中小学生上呼吸道细菌对细菌的耐药性

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The study was aimed at determining bacterial agents of the upper respiratory tract and the susceptibility patterns of isolates to antibiotics. In total, 200 throat swabs were obtained from students attending different boarding schools within the Buea Municipality and screened to obtain the prevalence of respiratory pathogens and to understand the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates using standard microbiological procedure and the disc-diffusion test. Of the 200 samples screened, 112 (56%) had positive cultures with the dominant bacterial pathogens being Haemophilus influenzae (20%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10%). Although 56% of the isolates were recovered from females compared to 44% from males, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Sixty-seven percent of the pathogens were isolated from the age-group of 10-13 years, 19.6% from the age-group of 14-17 years, and 12.5% from the age-group of 18-21 years. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that gentamicin (92%) and cefuroxime (88.4%) were the most effective antibiotics against the isolates. Generally, susceptibility ranged from 0% to 92% depending on the antibiotic and the species of microorganism. Penicillin had the highest (100%) resistance to all the isolates. The findings revealed that students living in boarding schools in the Buea Municipality were at risk of acquiring upper respiratory tract infections from their peers since the upper respiratory tract of more than 50% of the students was colonized with respiratory pathogens. Although multidrug-resistant strains of organisms were identified, gentamicin and cefuroxime are recommended as the first-line antibiotics of choice against the pathogens. There is, therefore, a need for surveillance of nasopharyngeal carriage of resistant strains of these organisms, especially H. influenzae in unhealthy school children since the vaccine is yet to be introduced in Cameroon. The findings have clinical and epidemiological significance.
机译：该研究旨在确定上呼吸道的细菌因子和分离株对抗生素的敏感性模式。总共从Buea市内不同寄宿学校的学生那里获得了200份咽拭子，并通过标准的微生物学程序和圆盘扩散试验进行了筛查，以了解呼吸道病原体的患病率并了解分离株的抗生素敏感性模式。在筛选的200个样本中，有112个（56％）呈阳性培养，主要细菌病原体为流感嗜血杆菌（20％），其次是肺炎链球菌（15％），肺炎克雷伯菌（11％）和金黄色葡萄球菌（10％） 。尽管从女性中回收了56％的分离株，而从男性中回收了44％，但差异无统计学意义（p> 0.05）。 67％的病原体是从10-13岁年龄组中分离出来的，19.6％是从14-17岁年龄组中分离出来的，而12.5％是从18-21岁年龄组中分离出的。抗生素药敏试验表明，庆大霉素（92％）和头孢呋辛（88.4％）是针对分离物最有效的抗生素。通常，根据抗生素和微生物的种类，药敏度范围为0％至92％。青霉素对所有分离株的耐药性最高（100％）。调查结果表明，由于超过50％的学生的上呼吸道已被呼吸道病原体定殖，因此布阿市寄宿学校的学生有从同龄人那里感染上呼吸道的风险。尽管已鉴定出对生物具有多重耐药性的菌株，但庆大霉素和头孢呋辛被推荐作为针对病原体的首选一线抗生素。因此，由于尚未将疫苗引入喀麦隆，因此需要监测不健康的学龄儿童对这些生物的耐药菌株，特别是流感嗜血杆菌的鼻咽运输。该发现具有临床和流行病学意义。

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